leonard records in black country insert anchors
Leonards in the Black Country and West of England
The Black Country, also called the Midlands, includes parts of Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire (“the Black Country”), so these are grouped together
Stores of iron ore, coal, and other minerals led this central part of England to become one of the leaders in the Industrial Revolution.
We postulate that the Leonards started moving from the southeast of England, primarily Sussex, to the west of England, primarily the Black Country, about 1580 to 1600 or thereabouts. Queen Elizabeth’s government started encouraging the iron furnaces to move to the west of England in the 1550s because of their demands for wood for charcoal. “The forests of England in the ironmaking districts had largely been consumed by the ‘voragious’ iron works, and there were loud complaints that the whole community would be unable to obtain fuel for domestic purposes if this denudation were persisted in. In response to these complaints, an act was passed in 1558, the first year of the reign of Elizabeth, which prohibited the cutting of timber in certain parts of the country for conversion into coal or fuel ‘for the making of iron,’ special exceptions being made for the weald of Kent, the county of Sussex, and certain parishes ‘high in the wealt of the county of Surrey.”[1] “A more sweeping act was passed in 1584, which prohibited the erection of any new iron works in Surrey, Kent, and Sussex.”[2]
The technique of coppicing (creating smaller but more number trunks on a given tree) reduced the demand for “old growth” Debate over deforestation has not settled on a final answer to how the forests were protected.
We know that the number of active furnaces and forges in Sussex declined rapidly from the 1580s, decreasing job opportunities and pay for skilled iron workers. In 1740, however, only 59 furnaces were left in all of England and Wales.[3] “Ten of the furnaces existing in 1740 were in Sussex, but in 1788 only two of these were left, and in 1796 only one is mentioned.”[4]
We also know that some iron workers, French and English, migrated from Sussex to the Black Country following their trade. Examples:
Nicholas Maybury, b. abt. 1567 at Brightling or Etchingham, Sussex, married a woman named Mary who died in Whittington, Shropshire. He was a hammerman at Fernhill forge near Oswestry in Shropshire. He was buried 13 Mar 1634 at Whittington, Shropshire.
Clement Maybury, bap. 4 Dec 1575 at Mayfield, Sussex. He was a hammerman and worked at Wednesbury, Staffordshire and also Parkend forge in the Forest of Dean, Glocestershire.
John Maybury, bap. 6 Apr 1577 at Mayfield, Sussex. He was a hammerman at Makeney, Derbyshire, in 1598 and in 1605 at Cleobury Mortimer, Shropshire, where he was buried 20 Jan 1655.
The Russell family is another example.
The first blast furnace producing pig iron in the Midlands, the Cannock Wood Furnace, was built in by William Lord Paget in 1561. A second furnace was built near Teddesley near Penkridge, Staffordshire, in 1581, and by the 1630s 13 more furnaces had been built in Staffordshire.[5] These furnaces appear to have been called Oakamoor, Stone, Trent, Teddesley, Cannock Wood, Whitnall, Brewood, Bromwich, Dudley, Cradley, Garnall Wood, Hasrod, Himley, and Grange.[6] In addition, a number of forges including fineries and chaferies were built to convert the pig iron into wrought iron and finally rods.
Dud Dudley was the first to use coal rather than charcoal in refining iron from ore. He perfected his process in the West Midlands early in the 1600s, but due to the Civil War and opposition from the traditional refiners (the Leonards too?) was not able to produce industrial quantities until the 1670s. Coal was said to produce inferior quality iron, but that turned out not to be true.
Steel was made in England as early as 1609, but “the invention of crucible cast steel originated with Benjamin Huntsman, an English clockmaker, at Sheffield, in 1740.[7]
Birmingham became a center of craftsmen turning iron into consumer products starting before the English Civil War.
We don’t know who the first of the “iron” Leonards to move to the Black Country were, and whether only one branch of the family moved, or several did. Church records for many parishes were just beginning about the time they moved, and it’s difficult to distinguish between Leonards just moving in and Leonards that may have been there for generations. It may have been Thomas Leonard, son of Henry.
Parish records indicate that Thomas, father of James and Henry who came to America, was a fyner in the west of England, moving frequently (probably in conjunction with when furnaces were “in heat” and smelting iron ore), and having children with wife Elizabeth White in various villages along the way. We don’t have a marriage record for Thomas and Elizabeth nor an indication as to her parents and date and place of birth. They presumably married about 1617. She presumably was born about 1598.
We do not have birth records for Thomas’ sons Henry and James, which would have occurred in 1618 and 1620 respectively.
We know that Thomas, James’ first son was baptized in Bilston, Staffordshire, 8 Aug 1641. Was he named after James’ father, Thomas, or after James’ wife’s father? We know, therefore, that James married Mary Jane or “Jennie” Martin, in England before coming to America and that James’ first son, James, was also born in England and that the family came to America before the third child, Abigail, was born abt. 1645 in Dorchester, MA.
Mary Jane Martin, Jennie, wife of James Leonard 1620-1691. Where was she from and who were her parents? Usually listed on the Internet are Martins from Devon, some distance way from both the Black Country where the Leonards probably came from when they set off for America and Sussex, where the earlier Leonards lived and some still resided. There were Martins/Martyns in both Sussex and in the Black Country (Worcestershire-Staffordshire-Shropshire-Birmingham). They may have been iron-refining itinerants of French origin, like the Leonards. We assume Mary/Jennie must have been born with a few years of 1620. Possible candidates:
Mary Martyn bap. 11 Jul 1619, St. Mary, Stafford, Staffordshire, fa. Roger, mo. Ann
Mary Martyn bap. 29 Apr. 1626, St. Mary, Stafford, Staffordshire, fa. Robert, mo. Francis
Mary Martyn bap. 23 Mar 1617, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, fa. Thomas
Mary Martyn bap. 26 Mar 1620, Willingdon, Sussex, fa. William
Richard Martin b. 1563 St. Mary, Devon, d. 6 May 1633, m. Katherine Lyde 1566-1603, is sometimes identified as father of Mary Jane, but seems unlikely – name, connection to Devon, Katherine’s death in 1603.
John Leonard 1615-1676 who immigrated to America in the late 1630s appears to be the first of the ironworking Leonards to come to New England. Whether he had any role in attracting James and Henry in the 1640s is unknown and perhaps unknowable. John is said to have come from Bilston, Staffordshire. James’ son Thomas was born in nearby Kinver, Staffordshire, in 1641. Other Leonards, perhaps relatives, have been said to come to Virginia in the 1630s. There were a lot of John Leonards in England in the 1600s.
“The first blast furnace in England was built in Sussex about 1496: the first in the Midlands, known as Cannock Wood Furnace by William Lord Paget near Bednesford in 1561… A second blast furnace was built at Teddesley near Penkridge in 1581 and by the 1630s, 13 furnaces had been built in Staffordshire.”[8]
Lord Paget, 1610: “…The greatest part of the forest of Dean sow iron is sent up Severne to the forges in Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, and Chesire, and there it is made into bar iron, and, because of its kind and gentle nature to work, it is now at Stourbridge, Dudley, Wolverhampton, Sedgley, Walsall, and Birmingham bent, wrought, manufactured into small commodities and diffused all England over, and thereby a gread trade made of it, and when manufactured into most parts of the world…[9]”
Blast furnaces and forges in Staffordshire in the 1600s included Oakamoor, Stone, Trent, Teddesley, Cannock Wood, Whitnall, Brewood, Bromwich, Dudley, Cradley, Garnall Wood, Hascod, Himley, and Grange. By the early 1700s, the major furnaces and forges were Lawton, Madelay, Meirheath, Trent, Grange, Cradley, Aston, and Hales[10] The Foley set of furnaces and forges were at Lawson, Consall, Oakamoor, Meir Heath, Chartley, Bromley, Rugeley, and Cannock in the 1700s. Major forge towns were Wolverhampton (Tresent Grange Forge), Wombourne (Heath Forge), Whittington, Wolverley, Kinver, Bilston, Cradley, and Dudley. Wilkinson had a forge at Bradley.
The relevance of all of this is that the Leonard iron workers are unlikely to have moved from Sussex to the Midlands before 1561 and that they are most likely to have moved to places where there were blast furnaces and forges.
“Iron works were small and often rural. A blast furnace employed no more than a dozen men in two shifts and a forge had even fewer employees. All worked with iron except the clerk who kept account of the raw materials delivered, iron sent away and wages paid…” [11] Of course, there were a significant number of others employed in making charcoals, cartage of ore, fluxing agent, charcoal, and pig iron. So the overall economic impact was much larger.
Pontypool was a significant supplier of pig iron to the Midlands blast furnaces and forges for refining into wrought iron, so there was obvious communication between them and the possibility or probability that James and Henry Leonard worked at both Pontypool and the Midlands.
The Midlands area had a large number of small metal-working shops, increasing the demand for wrought iron and enlarging the products made from it.
Shropshire parish records appear to be available online at www.melocki.org.uk/MelockiSalop.html
Ralph Tomlins built a furnace in Burford, Salop, probably the Tilsop Furnace, in 1590s. This is 4 miles southwest of Cleobury Mortimer. There was a great store of wood close by.
In 1563, a blast furnace was built on a former bloomery on land granted to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and known as Cleobury Dale. In 1571 a finery forge was leased to Stephen Hadnall and known as the upper forge. The same year a former bloomer at the lower forge was converted to a forge and leased to John Weston in 1576. Two more blast furnaces were built in 1576. In 1608 Rowland Lacon purchased and operated the furnaces and forges. In 1533 the blast furnaces ceased operation, but the forges continued under the Blount family. The iron works continued in operation until the 1830s.
This activity is relevant because James Leonard’s brother William and sister Mary were born in Cleobury Mortimer, making it highly likely that his father and mother, Thomas and Elizabeth, were there as well.
Fernhill Forge was built in 1622 in Whittington, near Oswestry, Shropshire, and operated until 1660. The Leonards in America named one of their forges Whittington.
Other furnaces and forges in Shropshire in the 1500s and 1600s include:
Bringewood Forge near Ludlow began in the 15th Century
Harley Forge near Harley began in 1638
Ifton Rhyn Furnace built in 1622 and worked in confunctiion with Fernhill Forge and Maesbury Forge in the Oswestry area
Kenley Forge, Kenley, including a blast furnace and was built in 1590
Leighton Furnace, Leighton, built in 1632 and put out of action by Parliamentary Forces under General Waller in 1644
Longnor Upper and Lower Forges, Longnor, built in 1605-6
Lubstree Force, Preston upon the Weald Moors, built in 1580
Maesbury Forge, Maesbury, near Oswestry, built in 1622
Moreton Forge, Morton Mill, built in 1601
Norton Forge, Norton in Hales, built in 1646
Ridges Bloom Smithy, Lightmoor, existed 1580 until after 1631
Sheinton Forge, Sheinton, built in 1637
Upton Forge, Upton Magna, near Shewsbury, built in 1653 and operated until 1782
Willey Furnace, Willey, built in 1609
Wistanstow Forge, Wistanstow, built in 1500s
Wombridge Iron Works, Wombridge, converted an early furnace to a blast furnace in 1634 which operated until 1902
Wytheford Forge, Great Wytheford, built in 1642 and operated until 1692
Daniel Leonard b. abt. 1582, Bromfield, Shropshire, married Joan Jones 3 Nov 1607 Bromfield, Shropshire (IGI: LDS member, film no. 458189) (Leonards in Bromfield in 1582, but which branch of Leonards? Bromfield is 2 or 3 miles NE of Ludlow. Bringewood Forge near there dates from the 1500s.
William Leonard christened January 5, 1617 at Bromfield, Shropshire, son of Daniell and Jane (IGI P016961; Source Call No. 0162091) (Bromfield church registers on line. Several Onions (Onyons) who may be been iron workers associated with Leonards are in the registers in this period.)
Thomas Leonard bapt. 29 Jan 1585 Oswestry, Shropshire, England. Son of Llein Jeun.
This Thomas might be a candidate for “our” Thomas, based on his birthdate. Oswestry is several miles from Whittington, north of Shrewsbury, quite a distance northwest of Birmingham. It is on the border with Wales.
Margaret Leonard bap. 1 Oct 1600, Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Sarah Leonard, dau. of John and Sarah Leonard, bap. 15 Jan 1708, Duddleston, Shropshire. Dudleston is about 6 miles NE of Oswestry.
Mary Leonard, daughter of Thomas, christened September 12, 1627 in Cleobury Mortimer (Cleobury Mortimer church registers on line)(Hereford Diocese) Daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth.
William Leonard christened (and buried?) November 30, 1628, Cleobury Mortimer, son of Thomas, fyner at the forge, and Elizabeth (IGI printout call no. #6908575). (This Thomas is presumably “our” Thomas, father of James and Henry.)
Cleobury Mortimer is a small market town in southeast Shropshire, right on the border with Staffordshire. “The central section of the town was laid out in burgage plots, the lines of which are still evident. With the decline of the Marcher Lords, and peace along the Welsh border, Cleobury's importance declined during the Middle Ages, leaving it as an undistinguished market town, albeit with a dependent hinterland. In the 16th century, exploitation of local iron ores became important, and when Elizabeth I granted the town toRobert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, his familiarity with modern ironworking technology led to the establishment of an important iron industry, with at least two furnaces (in which iron ore was converted to pig iron) and two water-powered forges (in which pig iron was converted to wrought iron). For a while, Cleobury's iron industry was an important part of the general industrialisation in Shropshire (sometimes claimed as the seat of the Industrial Revolution).” (Wikipedia, 2014) Dud Dudley perfected the use of coal vice charcoal for smelting iron in the 1700s.
Elinore Leonard bapt. 15 Feb 1701, Dudleston, Shropshire
Sarah Leonard bapt 6 Jan 1708, d. 10 Jun 1715, Dudleston, Shropshire
Levy Leonard bap. 26 May 1704, Dudleston, Shropshire
Richard Leonard bap. 29 Jun 1712, Dudleston, Shropshire, fa. John, mo. Sarah
William Leonard bapt. 8 May 1720, Dudleston, Shropshire, son of John Leonard and Jane (IGI C043642, 1665-1810, Source Call No. 0429016) Dudleston is in north Shropshire, diocese of Lichfield.
John Leonard, Jr., wife Jane, buried 31 Jul 1728, Dudleston, Shropshire
John Leonard christened 21 August 1768, Cleobury Mortimer, son of James Leonard and Mary (IGI #6908575)
Leonard Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah, bapt. 28 Sep 1777, Shawbury, Shropshire
James Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah, bapt. 28 Oct 1779 in Upton Magna, Shropshire (IGI: C047732, 1577-1812, Source Call No. 0510680)
James Leonard, son of Eleanor Leonard, bapt. 9 Oct 1768 Ellesmere, Shropshire (IGI: C037421, 1757-1812, Source Call No. 0510664)
Leonard Leonard m. Elizabeth Richmond, 24 Oct 1778, Upton-Magna, Shropshire (IGI: I034024)
James Leonard, 26, place illegible, farmer with 136 acres, wife Sarah, 24, Sarah, 3, Thomas, 1, living at Cradley Forge. Samuel, 70, carrier, and Betty Leonard, 71, living close by. Branch is in data base.
John Leonard m. Mary Boycoate 9 Mar 1818, Wombridge, Shropshire.
John Leonard m. Mary Coff 4 Sep 1823, Wellington, Shropshire.
(Cradley Furnace was on the river Stour dividing Staffordshire and Worcestershire. Kinfare/Kinver was near the river and 3 or 4 miles southwest of Stourbridge. Dudley was about the same distance north of Stourbridge. Old Swinford was a mile or so east of Stourbridge, and Hales Owen was a couple of miles further east. Bewdley on the Severn River was a port through which iron was transported to forges in Staffordshire. Cleobury Mortimer was 6 or 8 miles east of Bewdley just over the border in Shropshire. Wolverhampton was perhaps 15 miles north of Stourbridge and less than that from Dudley.)
George Leonard, son of John, bap. 25 Feb 1569 Tamworth (Tamworth is northeast of Birmingham.)
Joyce Lenarde bur. 17 July 1579, Penkridge Deanery, Brewood (Penkridge is north-northeast of Birmingham.)
Elizabeth Lynnard, fa. Ralphe, 16 Oct 1612, Staffordshire, Rolleston (Rolleston is about 25 miles north of Tamworth.)
Edward Leonard, churchwarden, 1639, Penkridge
Thomas Leonard bap. 8 Aug 1641, Kinver/Kinfare, Staffordshire, fa. James, mo. Jane. This James b. 1620 was probably the one who emigrated to America in the 1640s, along with brother Henry b. 1618. Hyde Ironworks in Kinver? (Whittington is near Kinver and had a forge. Whittington was also the name given by James Leonard et. al. in Massachusetts.
“Back in the area north of Stourbridge, where the Wombourne parish register included the names of workers at Heath forge on Smestow brook, Samuel and John, the sons of John and Barbara Leonard were baptized in 1657 and 1662,whilst Anne and Elizabeth Leonard, baptized at Kinver 1667 and 1675, could be the daughters of the same John Leonard or of another, because by 1675 the mother’s name was Bridget. John and Bridget Leonard moved downstream to Harlebury on the Stour shortly after 1675.” (Awty, p. 330)
John Leonard m. Ann Hudson 22 Jan 1655, N. Gournail, Staffordshire.
Samuel Leonard b. 6 June 1657, chr 14 Jun 1657 Wombourne, Staffordshire (IGI # 1238668, 1655-1750) (Barbara and John had sons Samuel and John, among others?)
“Samuel Leonard, baptized at Wombourne 6 Jan 1657,may be the same Samuel who had a daughter baptized at Kinver in 1679, two daughters baptized at Cleobury Mortimer in 1681and 1683, a fourth baptized at Wombourne in 1685 and a fifth baptized at West Bromwich in 1692. “ (Awty, p. 330)
“Wombourne is 4 miles southwest of Wolverhampton. “From the Middle Ages the Smestow Broook and the Stour were lined with small iron bloomeries and forges, using local reserves of charcoal and water. The Industrial Revolution brought coke-fired furnaces. In 1772, the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal was opened, with major canal locks at the Bratch and Bumble Hole, integrating the area more closely into industrial Britain. Iron production concentrated in a smaller number of centers -- at Swindon, in the southern part of the Wombourne parish, at Gothersley, at the Hyde near Kinver, and increasingly in the nearby Black Country -- using the canal to bring ore, coal, and limestone to the works. Other villages, however, remained centers for smithing, with cheaper and more available iron greatly increasing the number of workers. Increasingly, Wombourne became a center for nail-making. The Wom and the Smestow continued to provide both power and cooling water, with several large mills along each stream by the late 18th century.” (Wikepedia 2014) Heath forge was the largest water-driven forge was located west of the village. Heath House was a residence of the Foley family...
John Leonard bap 25 May 1662, Wombourne, Staffordshire, fa John, mo Barbara.
John Leonard bap. 1676, Pipe, Ridware, Staffordshire, fa. Leonard
Edward Leonard, bur. 3 Jun 1686, Upper Arely (Upper Arely is a few miles northwest of Kidderminster.)
Katherine Leonard bapt 25 Mar 1692, All Saints, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, fa. Samuel
Samuell Lenords chr 13 Feb 1702 Cheadle, Staffordshire, son of Renold Lenords (IGI # 883895)
Mary Leonard bapt. 13 Apr 1705, Cheadle, Staffordshire, dau. of Len Leonard
At Kinver James Leonard senior’s children, Samuel, Ruth and William, were buried in 1710, 1711 and 1715 respectively. A second Ruth baptized only three weeks after the first Ruth’s burial was presumably a child of the same man. James Leonard junior was certainly the father of John baptized at Kinver in 1717, and presumably of Thomas, William, Mary, James, Samuel, Elizabeth, Sampson and Sarah who were baptized there between 1720 and 1738, all of them children of James and Elizabeth Leonard; of these children Thomas, Mary, Samuel and Sampson failed to survive. The failure of further children to appear suggests that the James Leonard who was buried in February 1738 was the younger of the two Jameses and father of all these children, of whom Sarah, the last, was baptized in March 1738 (Awty, p. 330)
Richard Foley b. 1580 leased Hyde Forge in Kinver in 1627, one of the first to construct a slitting mill. Staffordshire Iron and Steel, p. 17.
John Leonard, son of James, bap. 27 Jul 1717, Kinfare (Kinver), Staffordshire
James Leonard, son of Leonard and Hannah, bap. 11 Jan 1712, Wombourne, Staffordshire
William Leonard christened 18 Jan 1721 in Kinver, Staffordshire, son of James Leonard (IGI #C048692, 1655-1726, Source Call No. 0421560, Printout #1238679)
The Thomas Leonard who married Mary Ward at Cheswardine, Shropshire, in 1727, had one child, Thomas, baptized at Cheswardine before moving on to Mucklestone, where he worked at Norton forge and had four more children baptized between 1730 and 1741. Although Norton parish register does not confirm this, it seems probable the Ralph Leonard, whose children, Elizabeth, Samuel, Mary, Ralph, and another Samuel were baptized there from 1735 to 1754, also worked at the same forge. Ralph, who married Mary Eaton at Caverswall in 1699 and whose children, Mary, Ralph and Hannah, were baptized from 1706 to 1712 at Cheadle (on border between Staffordshire and Shropshire), the parish where entries concerning workers from Oakamoor forge were recorded. (Awty, p. 330)
Leonard Leonard m. Mary Eaton 1699 Caverswall, Staffordshire. (Was he named Ralph and went by the nickname, Len?) Caverswall is a mile west of Cheadle.
Mary Leonard bap. 13 Apr 1706, Cheadle, Staffordshire, dau. of Len Leonard
Hannah (record not found)
Ralph Leonard bap. 9 Oct 1708, Cheadle, Staffordshire, son of Len Leonard. Ralph Leonard m. Maria Hussey 1 Jan 1734, Adderley, Shropshire (IGI: M017011 1692-1836, Source Call No. 0095255, 0502909) Adderley is in the northeast of Shropshire, 4 miles north of Market Drayton. Cheadle is 15 or 20 miles east Mucklestone is 4 miles SSE of Adderley. Cheswardine is about 6 miles south of Mucklestone and southeast of Market Dayton. Norton in Hales is about two miles west of Mucklestone.
Ralph Leonard, son of Ralph and Mary Leonard, bap. 20 Jul 1741, Norton-in-Hales, Shropshire.
Ralph Leonard, son of Ralph and Mary Leonard, bapt. 10 July 1742 in Norton In Hales, Shropshire (IGI: P008601, 1572-1860, Source Call No. 0908237) Ralph Leonard apprenticed to Thomas Parkes, tool maker, West Bromwich, 12 Nov 1756. Norton in Hales is a village and parish in northeast Shropshire, near Market Drayton and near the boundary with Staffordshire.
Samuel Leonard, son of Ralph and Mary Leonard, bapt 09 Jul 1737 Norton in Hales, Shropshire (IGI: 008601, 1572-1860, Source Call No. 0908237)
Samuel Leonard, son of Ralph and Mary, bapt 15 Dec 1754 in Norton in Hales, Shropshire (IGI: P008601, 1572-1860, Source Call No. 0908237) (Son of Samuel or son of Ralph?)
Mary (record not yet found)
Elizabeth (record not yet found)
Thomas Leonard m. Mary Eaton 12 Nov 1727, Cheswardine, Shropshire
James Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard, christened 2 May 1730 in Mucklestone, Staffordshire (IGI #0537064) Shropshire?
Two more children to be found.
William Leonard, son of Thomas and Mary, bapt. 1 Mar 1741 in Mucklestone, Staffordshire (IGI P010261, 1555-1812, Source Call No 0873642, 0908072) .
Anne, bapt. 1667, dau. of John Leonard, Kinver
James and Elizabeth Leonard, b. abt. 1695, had the following children:
John Leonard, son of James, bapt. 27 Jul 1717, Kinfare (Kinver), Staffordshire
Thomas Leonard b. abt. 1720 – he died young.
William Leonard, son of James, bapt. 18 Jan 1721, Kinver, Staffordshire
Mary – b. abt. 1724; she died young.
James
Samuel Leonard, son of James Leonard and Elizabeth, christened 12 July 1730 in Kinver, Staffordshire, died 8 June 1734 (IGI # 1037017)
Elizabeth m. John Davis, 1734
Sampson, bapt. 18 Dec 1736, Kinver, d. 23 Dec 1736, son of James and Elizabeth
Sarah b. March 1738, Kinver
A James and Elizabeth Leonard had sons Samuel christened 12 July 1730 and William christened 18 January 1721 in Kinver, Staffordshire. Their daughter, Sarah, was christened there 12 March 1737.
A Sarah Leonard married William Cowell 23 Feb 1747 in Kinver.
James Leonard, son of Edward, bapt. 8 Aug 1739, St. Mary, Lichfield, Staffordshire (IGI: C039323, 1566-1841, Source Call No.: 1068982)
Richard Lyniard (Leonard), b. abt. 1720, buried 20 Feb 1774, married (1) Mary LNU, b. abt. 1722, bur. 13 Mar 1752, (2) Ann Cambel (Campbell?) 22 Apr 1753, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire. Ann buried 25 Apr 1790, Bilston St. Leonard (this Ann or another?). They had the following children:
Richard Lyniard (Leonard) christened 28 March 1743 in Bilston, Staffordshire, son of Richard and Mary (IGI # 0472324) (Sons of Richard b. 1712, Dudleston?)
John Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 22 Jul 1744, Bilston St. Leonard, bur. 13 Aug 174, Bilston St. Leonard, son of Richard and Mary. John Linyard m. Mary Dey 21 Apr 1763, Bilston. They had:
Catherine Lyniard, bap. 14 Feb 1764, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Nancy Lyniard, bap. 7 Feb 1766, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Richard Lyniard, bapt. 2 Feb 1768, Bilston, son of John and Mary
John Lyniard, bap. 15 Apr 1769, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
William Lyniard (Leonard) christened 29 October 1746 in Bilston, Staffordshire, son of Richard and Mary (IGI # 0472324) Mentioned on p. 330, Awty, but probably died young.
William Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 20 Dec 1747, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire William married Sarah Creswell 28 Sep 1767, Bilston St. Leonard. They had:
Richard, bap 28 Dec 1768, Bilston, bur. 30 Oct 1769, son of William and Sarah
William, bap. 6 Oct 1770, Bilston, son of William and Sarah
Richard, bap. 12 Feb 1774, Bilston
Mary Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 14 Jan 1750, Bilston, St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Mary Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 17 Feb 1752, Bilston, St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Joseph Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 30 Dec 1753, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire, son of Richard and Anne
James Lyniard (Leonard) bap. 12 Feb 1758, buried 9 Jul 1759, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire, son of Richard and Anne
Sarah Lynyard (Leonard), bap. 26 Aug 1760, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire, dau. Richard and Ann John Linyard (Leonard)
John Lynyard and Mary LNU had: Spelling Lyniard used in Bilston…
Sarah Lynyard, dau. of John and Mary Lynyard, bapt. 2 Feb 1782, St. Philip, Birmingham. Does she belong with this John and Mary?
Elizabeth Linyard (Leonard), dau. of John and Mary, bap. 2 Aug 1790, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
William Linyard (Leonard), son of John and Mary, bap. 30 Jul 1792, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Mary Anne Linniard (Leonard), dau. of John and Mary, bap. 27 Jul 1795, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Hannah Linnard, dau. of John and Mary Linnard, bapt. 15 Feb 1774, St. Philip’s, Birmingham. This John and Mary, or another?
William Leonard b. abt. 1752 m. Sarah Harmer b. abt. 1753, 12 July 1773, Wolverhampton St. Peter, Staffordshire
Samuel, son of William and Sarah, bap.4 Apr 1774, St. Philip’s, Birmingham
Sarah Linyard, dau. of William and Sarah, bap. 7 Jul 1781, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
John Linyard, son of William and Sarah, bap. 25 Dec 1783, Bilston St. Leonard
Sarah Leanard b. abt. 1725 m. William Cowell 23 Feb 1747 Kinver, Staffordshire (IGI # 7018006)
James Leonard, b. abt. 1725, m. Elizabeth Smith, b. abt. 1728, 17 May 1748, Wolverhampton (Wolverhampton is just beyond Bilston in Greater Birmingham.) James and Elizabeth apparently had the following children:
Elizabeth, dau. Of James, born 30 Jun 1749 Wolverhampton (All of the following Wolverhampton St. Peter church records, which may have included Bilston at the time):
James (Lenord), son of James, born 7 May 1752, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
Daniel, son of James & Elizabeth, born 11 August 1754 (or 1764?), Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire.
Thomas, son of James, born 21 Aug 1755, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire. Was he the Thomas who m. Sarah Appleby 13 Nov 1788, Bilston St. Leonard?
Ann, daughter of James & Elizabeth, born 30 Dec 1758. Ann Leonard, dau of James, buried 11 Jul 1760 Wolverhampton St. Peter
Rebecca, daughter of James & Elizabeth, born 22 Mar 1760. Rebecca Leonard, dau of James, buried 17 Aug 1760 Wolverhampton St Peter
Samuel, son of James & Elizabeth, born 11 Jul 1761
Susannah, daughter of James & Elizabeth, born 5 Nov 1762. Susannah Leonard, dau of James, buried 8 Mar 1764 Wolverhampton St. Peter
Benjamin, son of James & Elizabeth, born 6 April 1765. Benjamin, son of James, buried 24 Apr 1766 Wolverhampton St. Peter
Richard Matthias, son of James & Elizabeth, born 22 Mar 1767, Wolverhampton St. Peter.
Sarah Leonard, dau. of John and Mary Leonard, bap. 31 Aug 1777, Stafford
Samuel Leonard, b. abt.1764, m. Jane Winkle 2 Jan 1786, St. Peter, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Jane Leonard, wife of Samuel, buried 2 June 1792, St. Peter, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Samuel Leonard m. (2) Ann Salt 26 Oct 1796
John Lennard (Leonard) b. abt. 1768, m. Ann Middleton 27 Dec 1790, Wolverhampton St. Peter, Staffordshire (was John a member of the family above?)
James Leonard, son of James, b. abt. 1790, and Ann, bapt. 28 July 1813, St. Peter or Collegiate, Wolverhampton, Stafford (IGI: C010203, 1813, Source Call No. 0497360)
James Leonard b. abt. 1766 in Staffordshire (Bilston?), residing in Wolverhampton/Bilston in 1841 Census. Stafford Street. Independent means. Was he the James Leonard who contacted his cousin in Massachusetts about the ownership of a Leonard forge?
The Thomas Leonard b. 1747 in Worcestershire or Cheshire, d. 1791 in Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, married Hannah Burgess, is in the Leonard data base, along with his descendants. (Would this Thomas be of the family of Thomas of Cheswardine? Would the Leonard Leonard buried in 1777 in Brierley Hill be of this family?)
William Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah., bapt. 24 June 1781 at Brierley Hill, Staffordshire (IGI: C033921, 1776-1812, Source Call No. 0417175)
Thomas Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah Leonard, bap. 8 June 1783, Brierly Hill. (Brierly Hill is west of Birmingham near Dudley.)
Ralph Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah, bapt. 27 Jan 1788, Brierley Hill, Stafford (IGI: C033921, 1776-1812, Source Call No. 0417175)
James Leonard, son of Thomas and Hannah, bapt. 14 Mar 1790, Brierley Hill, Stafford (IGI: C033921, 1776-1812, Source Call No. 0417175)
Thomas Leonard, fa., buried 1 Dec 1791, Brierley Hill, Staffordshire.
Thomas B. Leonard, b. 1784, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, living in Stanton Hall, Aston Erdington in 1851, listed as an annuitant. Was he the son of Thomas and Hannah? Or was he Thomas Beaufoy Leonard?
John Leonard buried 30 Mar 1748, Upton upon Severn, Staffordshire.
James Leonard, son of Godfrey and Mary, bapt. 18 Oct 1767, Chilcote, Stafford (IGI: C036932, 1662-1786, Source Call No. 0417185). He was probably the son of Godfrey Leonard bapt. 21 Jun 1724 in Ashbourne with Mapleton, Derbyshire, fa. John, mo. Elizabeth or Godfrey Leonard, bapt. 25 Mar 1731, St. Oswald, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, fa. John. John m. Mary Bates 4 Feb 1755, Clifton Campford, Staffordshire. John, son of Godfrey and Mary, bapt. 19 May 1757, Chilcote, Staffordshire.
Leonard Leonard b. 1777, buried 4 Feb 1789, Brierley Hill, Staffordshire
Thomas Leonard and Elizabeth had:
James Leonard, son of Thomas and Elizabeth, bapt. 1 Jan 1784, Burton Upon Trent, Stafford (IGI: C033333, 1663-1790, 0417177)
William Leonard, son of Thomas and Elizabeth, bapt. 26 Dec 1795 at St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury, Staffordshire (IGI: C055204, Source Call No. 0421615)
William, son of John and Ann, bap 25 Dec 1793, Bilston St. Leonard, Staffordshire
John Lynyard m. Hannah Spilsbury 17 Oct 1796, Bednall, Staffordshire. Bednall is about 3 miles northeast of Penkridge, both north of Birmingham 10 to 15 miles.
William Leonard, b. 1798 Birmingham, wife Eliza A. b. 1801, living with daughter Charlotte b. 1834, in Abbots Bromley, Staffordshire
John Leonard b. abt. 1782, m. Sarah Caddick 18 Dec 1804, Tipton, Staffordshire. Tipton is a mile from Dudley in the heart of the Black Country.
William Bayley Leonard b. 17 Aug 1805, bapt. 3 Nov 1807, All Saints, West Bromwich, d. 1 Apr 1864, Bordersley Green, Aston, fa. John, mo. Sarah. Emma Bonas a relative? Son of John Leonard and Sarah Caddick?
John Leonard bapt. 16 Oct 1814, Tipton, Staffordshire, son of James and Mary.
Samuel Leonard m. Elizabeth Cressell 8 Feb 1819, St. Marys, Handsworth, Stafford (IGI: ;M098671, 1810-37, Source Call No. 0426554-6)
James Leonard, son of Samuel and Betty, b. 14 Jul 1824, bapt. 10 Oct 1824, Cradley – Parklane Presbyterian Church.
Ralph Leonard m. Ann Smith 11 Oct 1826, Kingswinford, Stafford (IGI: 7222211, Source call No. 0820499). Kingswinford is near Dudley and Wombourne, south of Wolverhampton.
William Leonard, son of Sarah Leonard, bapt. 21 Aug 1825 in Bilston, Staffordshire (IGI C010563, 1820-29, Source Call No. 0426487). Same William (?), son of James and Sarah, bapt. 18 Sep 1825 (IGI C033922, 1813-30, Source Call No. 0426499)
James Lenard m. Mary Nicholls 14 Nov 1813 St. Mary’s, Handworth, Stafford (IGI: M098671, 1810-25, Source Call No. 0426554) (Were these the James and Mary who emigrated to America and had 8 children, above? John, first child, b. 1814)
James Leonard m. Mary Wayte 14 Feb 1815 Burton Upon Trent, Stafford (IGI: M033331, 1813-27, Source Call No. 0426509). Burton upon Trent is halfway between Lichfield and Derby, northeast of Birmingham.
James Leonard, born 10 March 1792 in Staffordshire, died 20 Feb 1877 in Youngstown, Mahoning Co., OH. Rev. Married Mary, b. abt 1790 in England and died abt. 1884 in Youngstown. James Leonard worked in the iron mills in PA and became a lay minister in 1842. Mary and 8 children immigrated on 16 Oct 1829 aboard the Montezuma to Phila. (James and family entered into Leonard database 13 Jan 2011)
James Leonard, son of James and Mary, born 11 April 1826, chr. 14 Oct 1827 Independent, Armitage, Stafford (IGI: C084151, 1821-37, Source Call No. RG4 3291)
James Leonard m. Mary Marklew 26 Aug 1803 Rugeley, Stafford (IGI: M010214, 1721-1812, Source Call No. 0421585)
John, son of James and Mary, bapt. 2 Mar 1817, Brierley, Staffordshire.
Samuel Leonard buried 22 Dec 1805, St. Peter, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire
Samuel Leonard d. abt. Dec 1809 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, lived in Lench St., Birmingham, was steel toy maker listed in city directories 1797 to 1809
James Leonard m. Sarah Green 14 Oct 1811, Kingswinford, Stafford (IGI: M053732, 1718-1812, Source Call No. 0417203)
Samuel Leonard, b. 1819, Rowley, Staffordshire, victualer living in Cradley Forge, Worcestershire, in 1851, wife Nancy W. b. 1820 Rowley, Staffordshire; children: Edwin, b. 1837 Rowley, Harriett b. 1841 Cradley; Hannah b. 1843 Cradley; Mary Ann b. 1847 Cradley; Samuel b. 1849 Cradley; Betsey, b. 1851 Cradley.
George Leonard, b. 1819 or 1820 in Birmingham, but living at 36 New Street, West Bromwich, Staffordshire, in 1851 and 1861, school master, m. Harriett, dress maker, b. 1813 in Hales Owen, Worcestershire, children Matilda b. 1838 Birmingham, George b. 1840 Bradley (Cradley?), Staffordshire; Enoch Charles b. 1848 in West Bromwich; Ann b. 1851 in West Bromwich. Charles and Ann living at home in 1861. Enoch Charles Leonard, laborer in metal works, b. abt. 1848 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, m. Sarah Moore b. 1849, West Bromwich, Staf, pork butcher, residing at Lottie Road, Northfield, Worcestershire (Edgbaston, Kings Norton)m. JanQ 1873, d. Dec 1916, Kings Norton, Worc. Children: Enoch Charles Leonard, b. 1874; Sarah Elizabeth, b. abt. 1876, West Bromwich; Edith, b. abt. 1778, West Bromwich; Mabel, b. abt. 1881, Northfield, Worc., George, b. 1887, Northfield, Francis, b. 1889, Northfield. Parents: George Leonard, b. abt. 1819, Birmingham, school master, Harriett Matilda, b. 1814, dress maker; chil: Matilda b. 1838, Birmingham, George, b. 1840,Bradley, Staffordshire, Charles, b. 1848, Ann, b. 1850, West Bromwich. In Censuses. Now in Leonard data base.
Edwin Leonard m. Maria Hughes 18 Jul 1824 Saint Mary’s, Handsworth, Staffordshire (IGI # M098671) Children born in Birmingham?
Samuel Leonard m. Nancy Williams Ingley 30 Dec 1838, Kingswinford, Staffordshire
William Leonard, bap. 13 Dec 1840 Bilston, Staffordshire, son of John and Hannah, living in Cradley or Cookley, Worcestershire in the 1851 Census. Judging by where children were born, family moved among Cookley, Brierley Hill, Bilston, and Walsall, Darlaston. In Leonard data base.
James Leonard buried 19 Sept 1842 Bilston – St. Leonard’s
James Levi Leonard m. Martha Hemer 7 Aug 1853 Burslem, Stafford (IGI: I036830). Burslem is not in the Midlands. Near Newcastle under Tyne.
William Henry Leonard, son of Moses Leonard and Harriet Eades, bapt. 8 Aug 1858, Saint Peter, West Bromwich, Stafford (IGI: C167531, 1858-88, Source call no. 1526218)
James Leonard m. Eliza Wilcox 24 Mar 1879 Fenton, Stafford (IGI: M0334 43, 1865-82, Source Call No. 1470948)
Birmingham has expanded over time, absorbing what were separate neighboring towns in suburbs and finally neighborhoods of Birmingham.
Thomas Leonard bap. 8 Jan 1639, Solihull, Warwickshire, fa. John. Southeast of the center of Birmingham, now appears to have been absorbed by Birmingham.
John Leonard bur. 17 May 1658, Birmingham St. Martin, Warwickshire
John Leonard m. Eldge White 23 Nov 1661, Salford Priorie, Warwickshire
George Leonard bap. 27 Dec 1666, Birmingham St. Martin, fa. Thomas
Thomas Leonard bap. 1 Jan 1678, Birmingham St. Martin, fa. Bernard
Varney and Esther Leonard had:
John bapt. 26 Jun 1752, All Saints, Worcester, Worcestershire, fa. Varney, mo. Esther
William Leonard, b. abt. 1762, d. 16 May 1819, lived/worked at Bull Ring, Birmingham – St. Mary’s
Widow Elizabeth Leonard buried 7 Feb 1765, lived on Church Street, Birmingham – St. Mary’s
John Leonard, b. abt. 1745, m. Mary Hall 13 Oct 1767, Quinton, and had:
John Leonard, son of John and Mary, bap. 11 Sep 1768, Quinton, Warwickshire. John Leonard m. Mary Sabel 12 Oct 1801, Quinton, Warwickshire.
Elizabeth, dau. of John and Mary, bap. 2 May 1773, Quinton, Warwickshire.
John Linnard, son of John and Mary Linnard, bapt. 15 Feb 1774, St. Philip, Birmingham.
William Linnard chr 20 Feb 1776 Saint Phillips, Birmingham, son of John Linnard and Mary (IGI # 0933405)
Martha Leonard, b. 1776, bur. 24 Nov 1836, St. Paul, Birmingham
William Linnard chr 16 Feb 1778 Saint Martin, Birmingham, son of James Linnard and Sarah (IGI # 6900588)
Mary Leonard, b. abt. 1778, Birmingham, living at time of 1851 Census in Thornbury, Gloucestershire, with Thomas Hebbard and Nelmes family.
Joseph Leonard bap. 2 May 1779, Aston St. Peter & St. Paul, Warwickshire, fa. John, mo. Maria
Ann Leonard bap 18 Nov 1779, Aston, st. Peter and St. Paul, dau. of William and Susannah
John Leonard, 90, b. 1781, Belstone, Staffordshire, pensioner, living in Birmingham in 1871 Census. Catherine, wife, 74, b. 1796, Birmingham, living with him at Joseph family.
Sarah Leanard m. John Wilson 25 Jan 1784 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # 6900689)
John Linyard m. Mary Beards 7 Jul 1788, St. Martin, Birmingham
John Linyard m. Sarah Hatton 19 Apr 1789, St. Martin, Birmingham
John Leonard m. Martha Palmer 17 Oct 1790, Solihull, Warwickshire.
Mary, bapt. 10 Mar 1793, Solihull
Ann, bapt. 15 Feb 1795, Solihull
Jacob, bapt. 10 May 1796, Solihull
Hester, bapt. 21 Jan 1800, Solihull
Elizabeth, bapt. 30 Jan 1802, Solihull
Sophia, bapt. 11 Nov 1804, Solihull
Elizabeth, b. abt. 1791, in 1841 Census as head of household with daughters Charlotte 20 (b. 1821), Caroline 15 (born 1826), and Dorcas 4 (b. 1837). Charlotte dau. of William and Eliza, b. Cotton, Staffordshire, William a gentleman, bu. Warwickshire, lived on High Street, Abbot’s Bromley.
William Linard chr 5 Apr 1801 Aston Juxta Birmingham, son of John Linard and Elizabeth (IGI # 0883972)
Charles William Leonard bapt. 18 Feb 1805, Birmingham – St. Philip’s, Warwickshire, son of Charles Leonard b. abt. 1780, d. 1808, and Maria Wilday. His sister, Mary Ann, baptized the same day. Charles and Maria m. 14 May 1802, Birmingham – St. Philip’s. Maria (1784-1849) m. (2) Edward Thornton Cope (1785-1833). They had 11 children.
John Linyard bur. 21 Jan 1812, St. Philip, Birmingham, fa. Humphrey, mo. Mary
Sarah Leonard m. Joseph Peace 29 Dec 1814 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041791)
Samuel Leonard m. Ann Edwards 13 Jan 1818 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # 6900689)
John Leonard bapt. 26 Jul 1818, Austrey, Warwickshire, fa. William, mo. Dorothy.
Sarah Leonard m. Thomas Boden 17 May 1818 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041791)
George Leonard chr 4 Sep 1818 Saint Martin, Birmingham, son of Sampson Leonard b. 1783 and d. Feb 1826, m. 31 Aug 1817, Harborne St. Peter, Sophia Antonietta Jones (IGI # 6900588)
Sarah Leonard m. Joseph Johnson 2 Oct 1819 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011681)
George Leonard b. 1820 Birmingham, lived in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, with wife Harriett b. 1813 in Hales Owen, Worcestershire. See his listing in Staffordshire.
Samuel Leonard m. Sarah Pounteney 4 July 1820 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI M011681)
Sarah Leonard b. 24 Aug 1824, bapt. 18 Jan 1825, St. Martin, Birmingham, fa. William, mo. Sarah (IGI # 6900588)
William Leonard b. 11 Oct 1822, chr. 31 Mar 1823, St. Martin, Birmingham, fa.William, mo. Sarah
William Leonard b. 1 Feb 1827, bapt. 13 Jul 1835, St. Martin, Birmingham, fa. William, mo. Sarah
Charles Leonard b. 30 Jul 1833, bapt. 23 Aug 1833, St. Martin, Birmingham, fa. William, mo. Sarah (IGI # 6900588).
Souisie Lynard m. George Morgan 23 Sept 1822 Edgbaston, Warwick (IGI 7232226)
Susannah Leonard m. James Harrop 10 Feb 1823 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # 6900689)
George William Leonard, accountant, will, 1815, d. 21 May 1902, Elizabeth Leonard, widow, sons John Wright Leonard, gentleman, William Arthur Leonard, corporation clerk, 840 pound estate.
John Leonard b. 7 Aug 1826, chr 13 Jul 1835 Saint Phillips, Birmingham, son of Mary Leonard (IGI # 933492)
Mary Ann Leonard m. John Spinks 13 Mar 1827 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041791)
Mary Ann Leonard b. 12 April 1828, chr 29 May 1828 Saint Martin, Birmingham, dau. Of Simeon Leonard and Lucy (IGI # 6900588)
George Leonard m. Mary White 25 Aug 1829 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011681)
Elizabeth Leonard b. 6 April 1829, chr 15 June 1829 Saint Phillips, Birmingham, dau of William Leonard and Ann (IGI # 933493)
Eliza Leonard b. 29 Mar 1830 Birmingham, d. abt. 1870 (IGI, no source info)
Joseph Leonard m. Elizabeth Hand 31 Mar 1828, Aston Juxta Birmingham
George William Leonard chr. 1 Oct 1830 Saint Martin, Birmingham, son of George Leonard and Mary (IGI # 6900588)
Eliza Leonard b. 9 Mar 1831, chr 18 Apr 1831 Saint Martin, Birmingham, dau. Of John Leonard and Mary (IGI # 690058)
John Leonard chr 1 Aug 1831 Bordesley, Warwick, son of John Leonard and Elizabeth (IGI # 0883872)
Mary Leonard m. William Pittman 7 Nov 1831 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041792)
Sarah Leonard m. Thomas Hewson 14 Sep 1834 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # 6900689)
Eliza Leonard m. Thomas Hands 2 Nov 1834 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041792)
George Leonard m. Harriot Matilda Rogers 12 Dec 1836 Edgbaston, Warwick (IGI # 0883947)
Henry Leonard b. 6 Mar 1838, chr 6 June 1838 Saint Martin, Birmingham, son of John Leonard, forge man, and Hannah (IGI # 6900588). In the 1861 Census, they were living at Little Anne Street, Birmingham. They moved a lot!
Amy Caroline Gooden Leonard b. 15 Aug 1838, chr 8 Aug 1842 Saint Phillips, Birmingham, dau of Robert Leonard and Mary (IGI # 0883732)
John Leonard m. Margaret Farrell 3 Sep 1839 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041792)
Henry Leonard, b. abt. 1840 in Birmingham, residing in 1881 at 38 Garabaldi St., Warrington, Lancashire, iron worker, wife Hannah, b. 1843 in Warrington, children: Hannah J. b.abt. 1866, Warrington; John J., b. abt. 1868, Warrington; Walter, b. abt. 1871; Henry, b. abt. 1872; Albert, b. abt. 1874; William,b. abt. 1875; Maude H., b. abt. 1878; Herbert, b. abt. 1880, all in Warrington.
Alfred Leonard b. 16 Oct 1839, chr 28 Nov 1839 Saint Philips, Birmingham, son of James Leonard and Mary Ann (IGI # 0883732)
William Leonard b. 1840 Birmingham, son of Stephen Leonard (IGI, no further info)
Daniel Leonard 1821 – 1879, son of Edwin and Martha (?), m. Mary Ann Raven 26 Mar 1841 All Saints, Birmingham
Mary Ann b. 1821 Cumberland, d. abt. 1881, Warwickshire, fa. John, mo. Judith Smith (IGI #M071422)
William Henry Leonard b. 30 Aug 1843, chr 26 Oct 1843, Saint Martin, Birmingham, d. 1 Nov 1864, son of Daniel Leonard and Mary Ann (IGI # 6900588) See Daniel and Mary Ann above.
William H. Leonard, b. Oct 1841, West Bromwich, d. Oct 1875, Wolverhampton, fa. Joseph, mo. Joanna
William Leonard b. 1842 Birmingham son of William Leonard (IGI, no further info)
John Linard m. Catherine Priest 20 May 1842 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011684)
There was a W. H. Leonard, gun manufacturer, b. abt. 1843 in Birmingham, who was visiting Alfred Browning in Kensington, London, at the time of the 1881 Census.
Sarah Leonard m. John Palmer 25 Sep 1843 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011684)
Samuel Leonard m. Mary Wilder 26 Jan 1845 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011684), fa. Thomas
Eliza Leonard b. 4 April 1847, chr 3 May 1847 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # 0883732)
Thomas Leonard m. Mary Ann Alcock 22 Apr 1849 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI # M041792). second marriage for both. Thomas, 47, iron forger, b. abt. 1802, Rodbourne, Wiltshire, fa. Thomas, iron forger, living on Cecil Street. Mary Ann Doogood, 44, b. 1803, fa. Jacob Doogood, living on Bath Street.
Richard Leonard, son of Richard and Emma, bapt. 20 Feb 1850, Birmingham – St. Martin’s, Warwickshire
Mary Louisa Leonard m. George Powell 2 Sep 1850 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011684)
Samuel Leonard m Sarah Ann Stirk 25 Aug 1851 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011684)
Maria Leonard b. 11 April 1852, chr 23 May 1862 St Chad, Birmingham, dau. Of Jacobi Lenard and Mariae Annae Steadman (IGI # 6909734)
Maria Josephus Leonard b. 19 Mar 1854, chr 9 Apr 1854 St Chad, Birmingham, dau. Of Gulielmi Leonard and Joannae Greenwood (IGI #6909734
Sarah Leonard m. Thomas Guest 25 May 1856 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # M010724)
Henry Leonard m. Elizabeth Hemingway 28 July 1856 Saint Phillips, Birmingham (IGI #M041792)
Thomas Leonard, b. abt. 1831 in Kidderminster, Worcestershire, rifle tester?, married to Beddie (Bedelia?), b. 1836 in Ireland, living in Aston, Deritend, Warwickshire, had children William H., b. abt. 1860, Birmingham; Sarah E., b. 1861, Birmingham, Lucy, b. 1869, Birmingham; Alice W., b. 1863, Birmingham; Bedelia C., b. 1867 Birmingham, Florence M., b. 1870, Birmingham. 1871 Census.
William Lenard m. Mary Ann Lowe 25 Mar 1861 Saint Stephen, Birmingham (IGI # M041161)
Samuel Leonard b. 1863 Saparkbrook, Birmingham, son of Samuel Leonard and Elizabeth (IGI, no further info)
Arthur Samuel Leonard bap. 10 Jun 1866, St. John the Baptist, Deritend, Warwickshire, fa. Samuel, mo. Eliza
Thomas Leonard b. 27 Dec 1866 Birmingham, d. 1942, son of Henry Leonard and Dorcas (IGI # 0884846)
William Leonard m. Mary Cornwell 10 June 1867 All Saints, Birmingham (IGI # M071423)
Sarah Leonard m. William Winkles 27 Aug 1867 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011685)
William Leonard m. Sarah Jane Danks 26 Jul 1868 Saint Martin, Birmingham (IGI # 6900689)
John Leonard m. Sarah Broughton 4 Aug 1871 Saint Stephen, Birmingham (IGI # M041161)
John Leonard m. Mary Cuthbertson 26 May 1872 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011685)
Sarah Ellen Leonard m. Jonathan James Baker 10 Aug 1873 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011685)
Sarah Ellen Leonard m. William Griffin Cook 9 June 1875 Aston Juxta Birmingham (IGI # M011685)
William Lascelle Leonard m. Martha Newey 5 Dec 1875 Saint Mary, Warwick (IGI # M041531)
William Henry Leonard b. 11 Oct 1886 St. Nicholas, Birmingham, son of Frederick Leonard and Caroline (IGI # C006983)
Thomas Leonard chr 14 April 1889 Birmingham, son of Thomas Leonard and Priscilla (IGI # C042798)
Samuel Leonard m. Florence Kemp 1 July 1884 Bordesley, Birmingham, Samuel the son of Samuel Leonard and Elizabeth (IGI, no further info)
William Henry Leonard m. Helen Claridge 29 May 1894 Bordesley, Birmingham. William Henry was the son of Samuel Leonard and Elizabeth. (IGI, no further info). William Henry Leonard b. 1867 Bordesley, Birmingham.
6 May 1891 Administration of the personal estate of William Henry Leonard late of 156 Bristol Road, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick Gunmaker a bachelor who died 3 Feb 1891 at 156 Bristol Road was granted to Daniel Leonard of 156 Bristol Road Gunmaker the father and next of kin.
Samuel Leonard of 135 Wilton Street, Aston Birmingham, died 31 Aug 1894. To James Aaron Hill wood carver Effects 12 pounds.
Samuel Leonard Erdington Warwickshire gentleman died 14 Mar 1903; probate 7 May to Eliza Leonard widow Effects 1241 pounds.
Sarah Leonard chr 29 Oct 1791 Solihull, Warwick, son of John Leonard and Martha (IGI 0883710)
Joseph Leonard chr 5 Jan 1823 Austrey, Warwick, son of William Leonard and Dorothy (IGI # 0820756)
Robert Lenard chr fa. James ; Mo. Margaret Wiltshire ComBas
Elizabeth Leonard chr fa. 1572 Wiltshire Salisbury
Anne Leonard chr fa. Lewis 1577 Wiltshire Salisbury
John Leonard chr fa. Henry 19 Jun1577 St. Edmunds, Salisbury Wiltshire
Alice Leonard m. Andrew Powell 19 Feb 1587 Salisbury Wiltshire
Anne Leonard m. Robert Goast 19 Apr 1596 Salisbury Wiltshire
Joane Leonard m. John Reddoll 30 Jan 1602 Salisbury Wiltshire
William Lennard chr fa. William 9 Oct 1622 Wiltshire Forvant
Hanna Linnard Edward Sargent 1 Jan 1627 Forvant Wiltshire
1629 William Lennard, Doctor of Divinity, parson of Fovent, co. Wilts. 86 Ridley (Wills at Canterbury)
Elizabeth Lenord chr fa. Richard 22 Jan 1650 Wiltshire Westbury
John Leonard b. ca. 1660 Wiltshire, d. 1721 Great Somerford, Wiltshire, m. Francis Pain. 3 generations, 13 descendants. Includes Edward, Thomas, but links missing to fit in Leonards here. See Leonard Lines and Branches.
John Leonard d. 1672, Lavington, Wiltshire
John Leonard m. Margery Gyles 11 Feb 1688, Market Lavington, Wiltshire
Mary Leonard bap. 14 Sep 1695, Castle Eaton, Wiltshire, fa. William, mo. Ann
Mary Leonard bap. 14 Sep 1699, Market Lavington, Wiltshire, fa. George
Edward Leonard m. Joane Still 24 Dec 1716, West Lavington, Wiltshire
John Leonard m. Susannah Ball 22 May 1727, N. Bradley, Wiltshire
John Leonard m. Elizabeth Nicholas 21 Apr 1753, Downton, Wiltshire
William Leonard bap. 20 Aug 1758, Downton, Wiltshire, fa. John Leonard
Mary Leonard bap. 11 May 1755, Downton, Wiltshire, fa. John Leonard
Edward Leonard m. Phyllis Oram 30 Jun 1757, Devizes St. John, West Lavington, Wiltshire
John Leonard bap. 16 Aug 1761, Great Somerford, Wiltshire
Thomas Leonard m. Hannah Still,, 6 Nov 1761, West Lavington, Wiltshire
Edward Leonard m. Mary Jones, 4 Apr 1779, Kemble, Wiltshire
Charles Adye Leonard, machine operator, b. abt. 1844, Malmesbury, Wiltshire,m. Mar 1869 wife Selina Ann Harbour, b. 1846 Worchestershire, residing at 4 Cromwell St., Swindon, Wiltshire, England. Children: Frances, b. abt. 1870; George, b. abt. 1875; Kate, b. abt. 1877; Martha, b. abt. 1880. Source: 1881 Census. Charles’ parents: Georg Leonard and Elizabeth Ann. Probably fam. Genealogy on line.
Follow up there were Leonards in Worcestershire in the 1200s, so there’s no guarantee that Leonards noted below arrived in the 1570s from Sussex.
Thomas Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard was bap. 6 Mar 1558, St. Michaels, Worcester.
William Leonard buried 12 Apr 1571 Halesowen, Worcestershire (Halesowen is 7 miles southwest of Birmingham on the bank of the river Stour. Cradley Parish is part of it. It had iron works in the18th century and was known for making nails.)
Mr. Leonard, wife buried 1576 Saint Michael Bewardine, Worcesteshire (St. Michael Bewardine is a parish next to St. John Bewardine in the city of Worcester.)
Henrye Leonards christened July 18, 1584 at Saint Michael Bedwardine, Worcester, son of John (IGI #0820789) A follow up would be: Could this be the Henry, father of Thomas, grandfather of James, Henry, Philip, William, and Thomas? Doubtful – not enough years between 1584 and 1618 when grandchild Henry born…
John Leonard, collector for Saint Bedwardine for the whole year, 1585, p. 91 of Saint Bedwardine Pastor’s book.
John, son of John Leonard christened 30 Nov 1585, Saint Michael Bedwardine
Edward, son of Thomas Leonardes, christened 26 Oct 1586, Saint Michael Bedwardine
Thomas Leonard, yeoman, Hallow W 1 will between 1601 and 1652. Follow up Check will.
John Leonard, yeoman, Pershore W 1 will between 1601 and 1652. Follow up Check will.
Thomas Leonards, clerk of St. Johns, Bedwardine W. 1 will between 1601-1652
Thomas Leonard, b. abt. 1570, and his wife, no record found, had the following children:
Thomas Leonarde alias Lennarth, son of the vicar of this parish (St. John’s), bap. 29 Dec 1587, attended Brassenause College at Oxford, died Sep 1610.
Alice Leonard, dau. of Thomas, bap. 12 May 1591, St. John Bedwardine, Worcester, Worcestershire. She died in plague 21 Sep 1610.
Marie Leonard, dau. of Thomas, bap. 5 Mar 1593, St. John Bedwardine, Worcester, Worcestershire.
Anthony Leonard, bap. 29 Aug 1597, St. John Bedwardine, Worcestershire, fa. Thomas
Edward Leonard, son of Thomas, bap. 27 Nov 1599, St. John Bedwardine, Worcester, Worcestershire
John Leonard bap. 10 Aug 1602, d. 22 Sep 1610, St. John Bedwardine, Worcestershire, fa. Thomas
Gervase Leonard bap. 10 Aug 1602, d. 24 Apr 1603, St. John Bedwardine, Worcestershire, fa. Thomas
Richard Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard alias Lennarth, bapt. 30 Sep 1605, died 22 Sep 1610, Saint John Bedwardine, Worcester, Worcester (IGI: P012471, 1558-1639, 1677-1774, Source Call No. 0350859-60).
Henry Leonard christened December 23, 1607, Saint Michael Bedwardine, Worcester, son of Thomas (IGI #042481), died 26 Oct 1610.
Margaret Leonard buried 17 Oct 1610.
John Leonard bap. 16 Feb 1626, Pershore, St. Andrew, Worcestershire. Fa. John
John Leonard or Wright bap. 6 May 1627, St. Swithin, Worcestershire. Fa. John Leonard or Wright.
William Leonard or Write, son of John Leonard or Write, bapt. 29 Sep 1634, Saint Swithin, Worcester (IGI: C043921, 1538-1812, Source Call No. 0886614)
William Leonard, son of Al(y)s Leonard, bapt. 11 Oct 1631, St. Andrew, Pershore, Worcestor (IGI: P012441, 1609-1812, Source Call No. 0098489)
William Leonard, son of William and Margery, born 5 Jan 1656 at Abberley, died 30 Apr 1657 at Abberley (IGI: C039591, 1558-1699, Source Call No. 0561610)
Samuel Leonard, son of Jo. Leonard, bapt. 16 Mar 1657, St. Andrew, Pershore, Worcester (IGI: P012441, 1609-1812, Source Call No. 0098489)
Mary and Hester Leonard bap. 1 Mar 1660, Eckington, Worcestershire
Thomas Leonard bap. 23 Dec 1661, Eckington, Worcestershire (or 1660?)
John Leonard bap. 29 May 1662 St. Swithin, Worcester, Worcestershire , bur 7 Mar 1664, fa. John
William Leonard, son of William and Sarah, chr. 6 Jul 1694, Hartlebury, Worcester (IGI: C063262, 1540-1812, Source Call No. 0577577)
John Leonard bapt. 19 Feb1698, bapt. 2 Mar 1698, Eckington, Worcestershire, fa. Stephen, mo. Anne.
Stephen Leonard m. Hester Cother 2 Nov 1698, Eckington, Worcestershire. Stephen Leonard in Eckington poll book, 1718.
Anne Leonard, dau. of Stephen Leonard and Anne, bapt. 30 Jan 1700, d. 31 Jan 1700, Eckington, Worcestershire.
Male Leonard, son of Stephen and Ann, born and died 15 Sep 1702.
Stephen Leonard, son of Stephen Leonard and Anne, bap. 25 Mar 1703, Eckington, Worcestershire
Thomas Leonard, bap. 3 Feb 1733, Eckington, Worcestershire, fa. John, mo. Elizabeth
John Leonard bapt. 1755, Eckington, Worcestershire, fa. John
John Leonard m. Lucy Moore, 12 Feb 1767, Eckington, Worcestershire
John Leonard m. Eleanor Chandler, 5 Dec 1774, Eckington, Worcestershire
John Leonard m. Mary Smith 20 May 1771, Clains, Worcestershire
James Leonard born 1743, Wolverley, Worcestershire, bapt. 28 Aug 1743, fa. John, mo. Frances.
Joseph Leonard born 1745, Wolverley, Worcestershire, fa. John, mo. Frances
Sarah Leonard born 1748, Wolverley, Worcestershire
John and Bridget Leonard who had left Kinver established themselves at Hartlebury before 1685, between when and John’s death in 1690, three daughters, Mary, Bridget who did not survive, and a second Bridget were born to them. In 1694 William and Sarah Leonard’s son William was baptized at Hartlebury (Awty, p. 330)
Hannah, dau. of John Leonard, bap 9 Aug 1702, Bedwardine St. Michael, Worcestershire
William Leonard, son of Edwd. And Rebecca, bapt. 7 Mar 1718, Holy Cross, Pershore, Worcester (IGI: P012461, 1540-1597, 1614-1812, Source call no. 0098490)
Thomas William Leonard m. Sarah C…Inc 23 May 1720, Eldersfield, Worcestershire
James Leonard, son of Henrietta, b. 12 Mar 1731, Quakers-NC, Dudley, Worcester (IGI: P025041, 1656-1801, Source Call No. 0098487)
Samuel Leonard, son of John, bapt. 16 Mar 1737, Eckington, Worcester (IGI: C-040182, 1612-1681, 1678-1800, Source Call No. 0246654, 0435251), fa. John
James Lennard, son of John and Frances, bapt. 28 Aug 1743, Wolverley, Worcester (IGI: C025223, 1743-1812, Source Call No. 0527944)
Samuel Leonard, son of Samuel and Mary, bapt. 5 Nov 1746, Severn Stoke, Staffordshire (about 5 mi. south of Worcester)
William Leonard, son of Varney and Esther, bapt. 14 Nov 1749, died 22 Nov 1749 All Saints, Worcester, Worcester (IGI: P020511, 1700-1820, Source Call No. 0354328)
Thomas Leonard, b. 1747, Worcestershire or Cheshire, d. 1791, Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, m. Hannah Burgess. Descendants in Leonard data base.
William Lennard, son of Peter and Martha, bapt. 13 Oct 1762, Shipston-on-Stour, Worcester (IGI: C043861, 1727-1876, Source Call No. 0559239).
James Leonard, son of William and Sarah, bapt. 24 Jun 1764, Hartlebury, Worcester (IGI: C063262, 1540=1812, Source Call No. 0577577), fa. William, mo. Sarah. In Leonard data base.
It is with the family of a second William Leonard, b. abt. 1740, who married Sarah Hall at Hartlebury in 1763, that involvement with iron can again be clearly demonstrated. Their first child James Leonard (1764-1804) was baptized at Hartlebury, but their later children, Sarah, William, Anne, and John, were all baptized at Lower Mitton, or Stourport between 1765 to 1770. James just above. A follow up wold be: Need to find children.
Stourport, at the confluence of the Stour with the Severn, was the point of access to the Stoour forges forcharcoal-smelted pig iron, shipped from Scotland, Cumbria and Wales or even from abroad, and Mitton and Wilden forges below Kidderminster continued to smelt a large portion of charcoal pig iron in the traditional way long after the Wolverley and Cookley forges, upstream from Kidderminster, had gone over comprehensively to use of coke-smelted pig iron produced locally in Shropshire and Staffordshire. (Awty, pp. 330-1)
James Leonard b. abt. 1766, Staffordshire, residing Bilston, then Wolverhampton, Worcestershire, living in 1841 Census with Joseph Peplow family.
Stephen Leonard m. Mary Curtis 1 Jul 1766, Great and Little Hampston, Worcestershire
William Leonard, b. 1771 Kidderminster, Worcestershire, forgeman, wife Louisa b. 1784, children Sarah b. 1826, Thomas b. 1829, Margaret, Cecilia b. 1826 (1841 Census).
John Leonard m. Eleanor Chandler 5 Dec 1774, Eckington, Worcestershire
John Leonard bapt. Worcester – All Saints, 19 Mar 1774
William Lenard, son of Stephen and Mary, bapt. 15 Dec 1776, Hanbury, Worcester (IGI: P021221, 1716-1875, Source Call No. 0364106) (Hanbury is in the northeast of Worcestershire, 15 miles south of Birmingham.)
Samuel Leonard, son of Joseph and Anne, bapt. 22 Feb 1778, Eckington, Worcester (IGI: C040182, 1612-1681, 1678-1800, Source Call No. 0246654, 0435251)
Thomas Leonard, b. ca. 1781, Pershore, Worcestershire, m. Ann Harrington, he was a retired grocer living at 25 Broad Street, Worcester, in the 1851 Census, with three children:
Thomas L. Leonard, b. ca. 1815, Worcester, shop merchant, single
Edwin Leonard
Emma Leonard m. Tanner.
James Lennard, son of James and Anne, bapt. 23 Dec 1787, Wolverley, Worcester (IGI: C025223, 1743-1812, Source Call No. 0527944) (Wolverley is 2 miles north of Kidderminster on the Stour river.)
James Lennard, son of Thomas Lennard and Prudence Hawker, bapt. 30 Mar 1789 Wolverley, Worcester (IGI: C025223, 1743-1812, Source Call No. 0527944). He died 16 July 1864 in Coatbridge, Scotland. He married Sarah Scriven in 1814 (b. 1786, d. 1867) Staffordshire. They had 10 children: Mary Anne b. 1815, Thomas b. 1815 Brierley Hill, Staffordshire (?), John b. 1817 Brierley Hill, Staffordshire(?), Joseph b. 1818,Brierley Hill, Staffordshire(?), Sarah, b. 1818, Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, d. 1895, m. Thomas Ellis Dec 1840, James B. 1820, Sarah, b. 1821, William, b. 1825, Baby, b. 1827, and Moses, b. 20 Sep 1829 (Moses, ironworker, b. Cookley,d. June 1907 Tynemouth, married Harriet Eades b. 1831, Tipton, Staffordshire, d. 1896. Was the son of Joseph Leonard, b. 1804, and Sarah Hanks, b.1804, or James and Sarah? They moved to Yorkshire, had dau Sarah, b. Dec 1851 West Bromwich, son John b. abt. Jun 1853 in Lindale, West Bromwich, d. abt. Sep 1904 Stockton on Tees, m. Margaret Hill Sep 1873 Stockton on Tees, 4 children; Moses, b. abt. Sep 1856 West Bromwich, d. Mar 1900 Middlebrough; son William Henry, b. 8 Aug 1858 West Bromwich;dau Rachel, b. 22 Jul 1860, West Bromwich; son, Thomas, b. 31 Jul 1864, West Bromwich?; dau, Harriet, b. Dec 1866, Middlebrough; son, Arthur Edward, b. Jun 1870,Middlebrough, d. Jun 1925, Castle Ward, Northumberland; son, Alfred William, b. 3 Oct 1871, Middlebrough, m. Patience Sedgewick,Dec 1893, Middlebrough, 4 children; son, Joseph, b. 1 Dec 1873, Middlebrough. Source: ancestry.com, Barron Family- North East England, Censuses). In Leonard data base.
Samuel Lennard, son of James and Anne, bapt. 24 Sep 1791, Wolverley, Worcester (IGI: C025223, 1743-1812, Source Call No. 0527944)
James Leonard, son of John and Ann, bapt. 10 Apr 1796, St. Thomas, Dudley, Worcester (IGI: C040141, 1772-1793, Source Call No. 0378763)
John Lonard m. Elizabeth Pennels 2 Oct 1796, Kidderminster
James Leonard, son of John b. 1790 and Elizabeth, bapt. 2 Jun 1811, Wolverley.
Samuel Leonard, son of Samuel (b. 1781 in Upton, Shropshire, publican in 1851) and Betty, bapt. 24 Jan 1819, Park Lane Presbyterian, Cradley, Worcester (IGI: C093711, 1789-1821, Source Call No. 0816598)
John Leonard, b. 1805, Cradley, Worcestershire, refiner of iron, living in Darlaston, Staffordshire, wife Hannah Rice,b. 1815, son Henry, b. 1868; William, b. 1871; Mary Ann, b. 1878; John, b. 1875; Elizabeth, b. 1878. 1881 Census.
John Leonard, b.1811 Cradley Forge or Cookley, Worcestershire,refiner of iron, wife Hannah, son Henry b. 1838 Birmingham, Warwickshire, William b. 1841 Bilston, Staffordshire, dau. Mary Ann, b. 1842 Kidderminster, Worcestershire, son John, b. 1845 Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, dau. Elizabeth b. 1848, Walsall, Darlaston, Bilston.Source: Census 1851). In Leonard data base. John Leonard bapt. 2 Jun 1811, Wolverly, fa. John, mo. Elizabeth.
Thomas Leonard, b. 1816, Cookley, Worcestershire, forgeman, m. Ellen Jones, b. 1819, Newbridge, Denbighshire, living with brother-in-law Benjamin Jones in Lower Mitton, Worcestershire in 1841 Census.
Samuel Leonard, bap. 24 Jan 1819, Park Lane Presbyterian Church, Cradley, Worcestershire, fa. Samuel, mo. Betty.
George Leonard, b. abt. 1819, Worcester, Worcestershire, England, wife Mary, b. abt.1824, Henley, Oxfordshire. George was a merchants rep. in the 1851 Census living with his wife on Albion St. All Saints, Birmingham.
Samuel Lennard, son of James and Sarah, bapt. 10 June 1821, Old Swinford, Worcester, m. Nancy (IGI: C040273, 1800-1824, 0527939-41) He was the Samuel Leonard whose will was probated 21 Feb 1891 (d. 6 Oct 1890), works manager of the Maypole Inn in Cradley, will admin. son Edwin Hingley Leonard, victualler, of Cradley. Verified by 1881 Census as Samuel who was b. 1819 in Cradley as living at the May Pole Inn and a licensed victualler. He was a widower in 1881 and was living with a son, Timothy H. Leonard, b.1858 in Cradley, a farm laborer, died Jul 1882, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.
James Lennard, son of James and Sarah, bapt. 30 May 1819, d. 21 Dec 1820, Old Swinford, Worcester (IGI: C040273, 1819-1824, Source Call No. 0527941)
James Leonard, son of Samuel and Betty, born 14 Jul 1824, bapt. 10 Oct 1824 Park Lane Presbyterian, Cradley, Worcester, England (IGI: C093711, 1789-1821, Source call No. 0816598) (Samuel and Betty also had a son James, b. Cradley, 1826, became a farmer with 135 acres, dau. Sarah b. 1848, son Thomas b. 1850, lived in Cradley. per Censuses) James married (2) Ann Folks. Children: Sarah, Thomas, Henry, Ann, Louisa, Samuel, William. He died in Cradley Forge 5 Mar 1874. He was a farmer.
William Leonard m. Ann Price 3 Nov 1825, Redmarley D’abitot, Worcester (IGI: M049333, 1695-1885, Source Call No. 0918804)
Charles Leonard, drayman, b. abt. 1836, Hartlebury, Worcestershire, m. Ellen, b. abt. 1835, children: Charles, b. abt. 1873; Edwin, b. abt. 1874; Ann, b. abt. 1877. Wife and children born in Birmingham. Residing at Harborne, Kings Norton, Staffordshire in 1881. Source: 1881 Census.
The tenacity of the Leonard family’s continuance in the fining of iron is illustrated in 1838, when Thomas Leonard, finer, married Ellen Jones at Lower Mitton; John Leonard, the finer who witnessed the marriage, was presumably his father. The father was the son of William and Sarah Leonard, who had been baptized at Lower Mitton in 1770. John certainly remained at Little Mitton up to 1808 when his daughter Harriet was baptized there. Rather strangely, his son Thomas was baptized at Wolverley in 1813, the register showing that he was then at Cookley, where fining and drawing out into bars under the hammer should have long been superseded by puddling and rolling. The celebration of the marriage at Lower Mitton suggests that in 1838 the two finers were again employed at thelower forges. Fifty years further on fining had become an almost forgotten trade. (Awty, p. 331).
William Leonard m. Lucy Robuck, 16 Apr 1840, Kidderminster, Worcester (IGI: M043951, 1731-1875, Source call No. 0434261-275)
James Thomas Lennard, b. 1849 Bromsgrove, Worcester, England, d. 1930, son of William Lennard and Mary Thomas (IGI: LDS member)
William Leonard, son of Charles and Elizabeth, born 17 Dec 1844, bapt. 9 Jan 1845, St. Thomas, Dudley, Worcester (IGI: C040146, 1841-54, Source Call No. 0378774)
Henry Leonard, laborer, b. abt. 1850, Cradley, Worcestershire, wife Sarah, b. 1852, Two Gates, living at Two Gates. Children: Louisa, b. 1873; Sarah, b. abt. 1875; Samuel, b. abt. 1878; Clara, b. abt. 1880, all born Two Gates. Source: Census 1881.
James Henry Leonard, son of Samuel, married Bertha Birch 10 Mar 1875 Ipsley, Worcester (IGI: M035303, 1837-1885, Source Call No. 1042168)
[1] Swank, p. 50.
[2] Swank, p. 50-51
[5] Staffordshire Iron and Steel, p. 5
[6] Staffordshire Iron and Steel, attachment ix
[7] Swank
[8] “Staffordshire Iron and Steel,” Staffordshire County Council Education Committee, Local History Source Book G23, Apr. 1968, p.5.
[9][9] Ibid., p. 17, part of a statement drawn up by Lord Paget in 1610 when he was involved in a lawsuit about the value of Royal land leased in Cannock Chase.
[10] Ibid., p. 19.
[11] Ibid., p. 5.